On Problems of Coordinates, Coordinate Systems and Transformation Parameters in Local Map Production, Updates and Revisions in Nigeria

A coordinate system forms a common frame of reference for the description of positions and on the other hand, coordinates are simply an ordered set of numbers that are used to describe the positions or features in a coordinate system (Featherstone and Vanicek, 1999). Transformation parameters are required to move from one system to another. In Nigeria, we have different coordinate systems based on different origins which are used for various mapping purposes. Also, new technologies like global positioning system have provided new methods of coordinates’ determination. The map production, update and revision are based on geographical coordinates; map-grid coordinates or coordinates in an arbitrary system. Some others are based on old (local) system. There are no truly accepted transformation parameters. The consequences are obvious confusion and misrepresentation of features.